WORKERS AHEAD!

You are viewing the development documentation for the Apereo CAS server. The functionality presented here is not officially released yet. This is a work in progress and will be continually updated as development moves forward. You are most encouraged to test the changes presented.

To view the documentation for a specific Apereo CAS server release, please choose an appropriate version. The release schedule is available here.

YubiKey Authentication

Yubico is a cloud-based service that enables strong, easy-to-use and affordable two-factor authentication with one-time passwords through their flagship product, YubiKey. Once Yubico client-id and secret-key are obtained, then the configuration options available to use YubiKey devices as a primary authentication source that CAS server could use to authenticate users.

To configure YubiKey accounts and obtain API keys, refer to the documentation.

YubiKey authentication components are enabled by including the following dependencies in the WAR overlay:

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apereo.cas</groupId>
  <artifactId>cas-server-support-yubikey</artifactId>
  <version>${cas.version}</version>
</dependency>

implementation "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-yubikey:${project.'cas.version'}"

dependencyManagement {
  imports {
    mavenBom "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-bom:${project.'cas.version'}"
  }
}

dependencies {  
  implementation "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-yubikey"
}

Actuator Endpoints

The following endpoints are provided by CAS:

The following settings and properties are available from the CAS configuration catalog:

_{The configuration settings listed below are tagged as Required in the CAS configuration metadata. This flag indicates that the presence of the setting may be needed to activate or affect the behavior of the CAS feature and generally should be reviewed, possibly owned and adjusted. If the setting is assigned a default value, you do not need to strictly put the setting in your copy of the configuration, but should review it nonetheless to make sure it matches your deployment expectations.}

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.encoding-algorithm=

The encoding algorithm to use such as MD5. Relevant when the type used is DEFAULT or GLIBC_CRYPT.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.authentication.PasswordEncoderProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.type=NONE

Define the password encoder type to use. Type may be specified as blank or NONE to disable password encoding. It may also refer to a fully-qualified class name that implements the Spring Security's PasswordEncoder interface if you wish you define your own encoder. The following types may be used:

NONE: No password encoding (i.e. plain-text) takes place.
DEFAULT: Use the DefaultPasswordEncoder of CAS. For message-digest algorithms via character-encoding and encoding-algorithm.
BCRYPT: Use the BCryptPasswordEncoder based on the strength provided and an optional secret.
SCRYPT: Use the SCryptPasswordEncoder.
PBKDF2: Use the Pbkdf2PasswordEncoder based on the strength provided and an optional secret.
STANDARD: Use the StandardPasswordEncoder based on the secret provided.
SSHA: Use the LdapShaPasswordEncoder supports Ldap SHA and SSHA (salted-SHA). The values are base-64 encoded and have the label {SHA</code> or {SSHA</code> prepended to the encoded hash.
GLIBC_CRYPT: Use the GlibcCryptPasswordEncoder based on the encoding-algorithm, strength provided and an optional secret.
org.example.MyEncoder: An implementation of PasswordEncoder of your own choosing.
file:///path/to/script.groovy: Path to a Groovy script charged with handling password encoding operations.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.authentication.PasswordEncoderProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.driver-class=org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver

The JDBC driver used to connect to the database.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password=

The database connection password.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.url=jdbc:hsqldb:mem:cas-hsql-database

The database connection URL.

This setting supports the Spring Expression Language.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.user=sa

The database user.

The database user must have sufficient permissions to be able to handle schema changes and updates, when needed.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

_{The configuration settings listed below are tagged as Optional in the CAS configuration metadata. This flag indicates that the presence of the setting is not immediately necessary in the end-user CAS configuration, because a default value is assigned or the activation of the feature is not conditionally controlled by the setting value.}

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.character-encoding=UTF-8

The encoding algorithm to use such as 'UTF-8'. Relevant when the type used is DEFAULT.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.authentication.PasswordEncoderProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.secret=

Secret to use with STANDARD, PBKDF2, BCRYPT, GLIBC_CRYPT password encoders. Secret usually is an optional setting.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.authentication.PasswordEncoderProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.strength=16

Strength or number of iterations to use for password hashing. Usually relevant when dealing with PBKDF2 or BCRYPT encoders. Used by GLIBC_CRYPT encoders as well.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.authentication.PasswordEncoderProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.autocommit=false

The default auto-commit behavior of connections in the pool. Determined whether queries such as update/insert should be immediately executed without waiting for an underlying transaction.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.batch-size=100

A non-zero value enables use of JDBC2 batch updates by Hibernate. e.g. recommended values between 5 and 30.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.data-source-name=

Attempts to do a JNDI data source look up for the data source name specified. Will attempt to locate the data source object as is.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.ddl-auto=update

Hibernate feature to automatically validate and exports DDL to the schema. By default, creates and drops the schema automatically when a session is starts and ends. Setting the value to validate or none may be more desirable for production, but any of the following options can be used:

validate: Validate the schema, but make no changes to the database.
update: Update the schema.
create: Create the schema, destroying previous data.
create-drop: Drop the schema at the end of the session.
none: Do nothing.

Note that during a version migration where any schema has changed create-drop will result in the loss of all data as soon as CAS is started. For transient data like tickets this is probably not an issue, but in cases like the audit table important data could be lost. Using `update`, while safe for data, is confirmed to result in invalid database state. validate or none settings are likely the only safe options for production use.

For more info, see this.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.default-catalog=

Qualifies unqualified table names with the given catalog in generated SQL.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.default-schema=

Qualify unqualified table names with the given schema/tablespace in generated SQL.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect

The database dialect is a configuration setting for platform independent software (JPA, Hibernate, etc) which allows such software to translate its generic SQL statements into vendor specific DDL, DML.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.fail-fast-timeout=1

Set the pool initialization failure timeout.

Any value greater than zero will be treated as a timeout for pool initialization. The calling thread will be blocked from continuing until a successful connection to the database, or until the timeout is reached. If the timeout is reached, then a PoolInitializationException will be thrown.
A value of zero will not prevent the pool from starting in the case that a connection cannot be obtained. However, upon start the pool will attempt to obtain a connection and validate that the connectionTestQuery and connectionInitSql are valid. If those validations fail, an exception will be thrown. If a connection cannot be obtained, the validation is skipped and the the pool will start and continue to try to obtain connections in the background. This can mean that callers to DataSource#getConnection() may encounter exceptions.
A value less than zero will not bypass any connection attempt and validation during startup, and therefore the pool will start immediately. The pool will continue to try to obtain connections in the background. This can mean that callers to DataSource#getConnection() may encounter exceptions.

Note that if this timeout value is greater than or equal to zero (0), and therefore an initial connection validation is performed, this timeout does not override the connectionTimeout or validationTimeout; they will be honored before this timeout is applied. The default value is one millisecond.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.fetch-size=100

Used to specify number of rows to be fetched in a select query.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.generate-statistics=false

Allow hibernate to generate query statistics.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.health-query=

The SQL query to be executed to test the validity of connections. This is for "legacy" databases that do not support the JDBC4 Connection.isValid() API.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.idle-timeout=PT10M

Controls the maximum amount of time that a connection is allowed to sit idle in the pool.

This settings supports the java.time.Duration syntax ^[?].

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.isolate-internal-queries=false

This property determines whether data source isolates internal pool queries, such as the connection alive test, in their own transaction.

Since these are typically read-only queries, it is rarely necessary to encapsulate them in their own transaction. This property only applies if #autocommit is disabled.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.isolation-level-name=ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED

Defines the isolation level for transactions. @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.leak-threshold=3000

Controls the amount of time that a connection can be out of the pool before a message is logged indicating a possible connection leak.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.physical-naming-strategy-class-name=org.apereo.cas.hibernate.CasHibernatePhysicalNamingStrategy

Fully-qualified name of the class that can control the physical naming strategy of hibernate.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.propagation-behavior-name=PROPAGATION_REQUIRED

Defines the propagation behavior for transactions. @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.properties=

Additional settings provided by Hibernate in form of key-value pairs.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.query=

Query to execute in order to authenticate users via JDBC. Example: SELECT username,password,enabled FROM users WHERE username=?

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.read-only=false

Configures the Connections to be added to the pool as read-only Connections.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.role-prefix=

Prefix to add to the role.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.core.monitor.JdbcSecurityActuatorEndpointsMonitorProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.max-size=18

Controls the maximum number of connections to keep in the pool, including both idle and in-use connections.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.support.ConnectionPoolingProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.max-wait=PT2S

Sets the maximum time in seconds that this data source will wait while attempting to connect to a database.

A value of zero specifies that the timeout is the default system timeout if there is one; otherwise, it specifies that there is no timeout.

This settings supports the java.time.Duration syntax ^[?].

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.support.ConnectionPoolingProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.min-size=6

Controls the minimum size that the pool is allowed to reach, including both idle and in-use connections.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.support.ConnectionPoolingProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.name=

Set the name of the connection pool. This is primarily used for the MBean to uniquely identify the pool configuration.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.support.ConnectionPoolingProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.suspension=false

Whether or not pool suspension is allowed.

There is a performance impact when pool suspension is enabled. Unless you need it (for a redundancy system for example) do not enable it.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.support.ConnectionPoolingProperties.

cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.timeout-millis=1000

The maximum number of milliseconds that the pool will wait for a connection to be validated as alive.

org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.support.ConnectionPoolingProperties.

# The encoding algorithm to use such as 'UTF-8'.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.character-encoding=UTF-8

# Secret to use with {@code STANDARD}, {@code PBKDF2}, {@code BCRYPT}, {@code GLIBC_CRYPT} password encoders.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.secret=

# Strength or number of iterations to use for password hashing.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.strength=16

# The default auto-commit behavior of connections in the pool.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.autocommit=false

# A non-zero value enables use of JDBC2 batch updates by Hibernate. e.g. recommended values between 5 and 30.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.batch-size=100

# Attempts to do a JNDI data source look up for the data source name specified.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.data-source-name=

# Hibernate feature to automatically validate and exports DDL to the schema.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.ddl-auto=update

# Qualifies unqualified table names with the given catalog in generated SQL.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.default-catalog=

# Qualify unqualified table names with the given schema/tablespace in generated SQL.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.default-schema=

# The database dialect is a configuration setting for platform independent software (JPA, Hibernate, etc) which allows such software to translate its generic SQL statements into vendor specific DDL, DML.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect

# Set the pool initialization failure timeout.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.fail-fast-timeout=1

# Used to specify number of rows to be fetched in a select query.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.fetch-size=100

# Allow hibernate to generate query statistics.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.generate-statistics=false

# The SQL query to be executed to test the validity of connections.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.health-query=

# Controls the maximum amount of time that a connection is allowed to sit idle in the pool.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.idle-timeout=PT10M

# This property determines whether data source isolates internal pool queries, such as the connection alive test, in their own transaction.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.isolate-internal-queries=false

# Defines the isolation level for transactions.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.isolation-level-name=ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED

# Controls the amount of time that a connection can be out of the pool before a message is logged indicating a possible connection leak.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.leak-threshold=3000

# Fully-qualified name of the class that can control the physical naming strategy of hibernate.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.physical-naming-strategy-class-name=org.apereo.cas.hibernate.CasHibernatePhysicalNamingStrategy

# Defines the propagation behavior for transactions.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.propagation-behavior-name=PROPAGATION_REQUIRED

# Additional settings provided by Hibernate in form of key-value pairs.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.properties=

# Query to execute in order to authenticate users via JDBC.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.query=

# Configures the Connections to be added to the pool as read-only Connections.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.read-only=false

# Prefix to add to the role.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.role-prefix=

# Controls the maximum number of connections to keep in the pool, including both idle and in-use connections.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.max-size=18

# Sets the maximum time in seconds that this data source will wait while attempting to connect to a database.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.max-wait=PT2S

# Controls the minimum size that the pool is allowed to reach, including both idle and in-use connections.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.min-size=6

# Set the name of the connection pool.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.name=

# Whether or not pool suspension is allowed.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.suspension=false

# The maximum number of milliseconds that the pool will wait for a connection to be validated as alive.
# cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.timeout-millis=1000

Control global properties that are relevant to Hibernate, when CAS attempts to employ and utilize database resources, connections and queries.

cas.jdbc.case-insensitive=false

When choosing physical table names, determine whether names should be considered case-insensitive.

cas.jdbc.gen-ddl=true

Whether to generate DDL after the EntityManagerFactory has been initialized creating/updating all relevant tables.

cas.jdbc.physical-table-names=

Indicate a physical table name to be used by the hibernate naming strategy in case table names need to be customized for the specific type of database. The key here indicates the CAS-provided table name and the value is the translate physical name for the database. If a match is not found for the CAS-provided table name, then that name will be used by default.

cas.jdbc.show-sql=false

Whether SQL queries should be displayed in the console/logs.

If you need to design your own password encoding scheme where the type is specified as a fully qualified Java class name, the structure of the class would be similar to the following:

package org.example.cas;

import org.springframework.security.crypto.codec.*;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.*;

public class MyEncoder extends AbstractPasswordEncoder {
    @Override
    protected byte[] encode(CharSequence rawPassword, byte[] salt) {
        return ...
    }
}

If you need to design your own password encoding scheme where the type is specified as a path to a Groovy script, the structure of the script would be similar to the following:

import java.util.*

byte[] run(final Object... args) {
    def rawPassword = args[0]
    def generatedSalt = args[1]
    def logger = args[2]
    def casApplicationContext = args[3]

    logger.debug("Encoding password...")
    return ...
}

Boolean matches(final Object... args) {
    def rawPassword = args[0]
    def encodedPassword = args[1]
    def logger = args[2]
    def casApplicationContext = args[3]

   logger.debug("Does match or not ?");
   return ...

The following settings and properties are available from the CAS configuration catalog:

cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.base-dn=

Base DN to use. There may be scenarios where different parts of a single LDAP tree could be considered as base-dns. Rather than duplicating the LDAP configuration block for each individual base-dn, each entry can be specified and joined together using a special delimiter character. The user DN is retrieved using the combination of all base-dn and DN resolvers in the order defined. DN resolution should fail if multiple DNs are found. Otherwise the first DN found is returned. Usual syntax is: subtreeA,dc=example,dc=net|subtreeC,dc=example,dc=net.